PERFECT TENSE PPT

1) Present Perfect Tense

    a) Present Perfect Tense is used for showing the perfection of an action by now; the time is not important but the result is.

-          Have

-          Has

Ø Past Participle

-          Seen

-          Read

-          Eaten

-          Come

ÜTime Expression: already, yet.

ÜExample:

Ø  Declarative Sentence

§ Pattern:

=) Affirmative

            Subject + Have/Has + Past participle + Object + Complement

            ~ I have read the magazine, already.

~ She has eaten some cake.

            =) Negative

                        Subject + Have/has + not + Past participle + Object + Complement

                        ~ I have not read the magazine, yet.

                        ~ She has not eaten some cake.

            =) Interrogative

                -Yes/No Question

                        Have/has + Subject + Past Partiple + Object + complement

            ~ Have you read the book yet?

~ Has she eaten some cake yet?

                -Informative Question

                        Wh- + Have/has + Subject + Past participle + Complement+?

~ What heve you read?

~ What has she eaten?

            b) Present perfect tense is used to express the action that started at a certain time inthe past, and it is still going on till now (at the moment of speaking).

Ü Time Expression: For. . . , since. . . , the last two years.

Ü Example:

Ø  Declarative Sentence

§ Pattern:

=) Affirmative

            ~ You have spoken to Jhon for an hour.

~ She has lived here since 1993.

            =) Negative

            ~ You haven’t spoken to Jhon for an hour.

~ She has not lived here since 1993.

=) Interrogative

                -Yes/No Question

~ Have you spoken to Jhon for an hour?

~ Has she lived here since 1993?

    -Informative Question

~ Whom have you spoken for an hour?

~ Where has she lived since 1993?

2) Past Perfect Tense

            Past perfect tense is used to express an action which has been completed before other actions in definite time in the past.

ÜVerb From

            Ø Auxiliary:

    -Had

Ø Past Participle:

    -Talked

    -Walked

    -Left

Ü Example:

Ø  Declarative Sentence

§ Pattern:

=) Affirmative

Subject+Had+Past Participle+Object+Adv.clause of time(when,before,after)

            ~She had left when I got home yesterday.

            =) Negative

Subject+Had+Not+Past Participle+Object+Adv.clause of time(when,before,after)

            ~ She had not left when I got home yesterday.

=) Interrogative

                -Yes/No Question

Had+Subject +Past Participle+Object+Adv.clause of time(when,before,after)

~ Had she left when I got home yesterday?

    -Informative Question

Wh+Had+Subject +Past Participle+Object+Adv.clause of time(when,before,after)

            ~What had she done when I got home yesterday?